Wednesday, August 26, 2020

3 Cases of Missing Parenthetical Punctuation

3 Cases of Missing Parenthetical Punctuation 3 Cases of Missing Parenthetical Punctuation 3 Cases of Missing Parenthetical Punctuation By Mark Nichol In every one of the accompanying models, an integral comma that gives conclusion to an incidental expression is absent. Conversation after each sentence clarifies the issue, and a correction shows the arrangement. 1. A-rundown entertainers, including Scarlett Johansson, Idris Elba, and Bill Murray give the voices to CGI characters. In the event that the sentence started with the actors’ names and was a straightforward explanation of distinguishing proof, just the commas after the first and second names would be required. But since the names, went before by the authoritative sign word including, are incidental to the principle proviso, â€Å"A-list on-screen characters give the voices to CGI characters,† giving models instead of comprising an extensive rundown, a comma must follow Bill Murray’s name to supplement the comma after entertainers: â€Å"A-list on-screen characters, including Scarlett Johansson, Idris Elba, and Bill Murray, give the voices to CGI characters.† 2. In spite of Jones’s occupied timetable, Smith said that he generally discovered time for her. Smith doesn't state something disregarding Jones’s occupied calendar; â€Å"Smith said† is incidental to the principle proviso, â€Å"Despite Jones’s occupied timetable, he generally discovered time for her,† so it ought to be organized by two commas: â€Å"Despite Jones’s occupied timetable, Smith stated, he generally discovered time for her.† 3. In the event that he got lost, Jones was told a pursuit gathering would not be sent to protect him. The sentence recommends, with a clearly tangled tense development, that if â€Å"he† were to get lost, he would be educated that no pursuit gathering would be sent to protect him. Yet, what is implied is that he was informed that on the off chance that he got lost, no salvage exertion would follow. â€Å"Jones was told† is incidental to the announcement, similarly as â€Å"Smith said† is incidental in the past model, so it must be set off from the fundamental condition by commas when the expression: â€Å"If he got lost, Jones was told, an inquiry gathering would not be sent to save him.† Need to improve your English quickly a day? Get a membership and begin accepting our composing tips and activities day by day! Continue learning! Peruse the Punctuation classification, check our mainstream posts, or pick a related post below:35 Synonyms for â€Å"Look†50 Types of PropagandaWhen to Spell Out Numbers

Saturday, August 22, 2020

Way Things Are Essay Example For Students

Way Things Are Essay Relative legislative issues is a significant part of political theory in that as opposed to concentrating how this nation capacities, it examines why different nations around the globe are how they are. There must be some mode for finding the distinctions and similitudes between one area and another all together find what can impact such viewpoints as monetary quality, military quality, and the structure of the system in power. One motivation to contrast nations is with assistance ourselves by permitting us to find out about different nations while getting away from the ethnocentric deception a considerable lot of us have. The Unites States may have a decent government yet isn't really an ideal government; certain nations may have parts of their own legislature that we could gain from and maybe enhance our own framework. Another motivation to contrast nations is with see how nations advance, find examples, and why they advance in the manner in which they do. Another significant motiv ation to examine similar legislative issues is to all the more likely see how certain systems work for reasons for worldwide relations and international strategy. So as to make strategy in regards to different nations and so as to offer guide to these nations we should know how these nations work so we can work with the nations rather than indiscriminately attempting to transform them such that we appear to be fit. This is particularly significant in the cutting edge age with the advancement of a worldwide participation between numerous nations and the way that the United States has become the guard dog, elder sibling, and educator for huge numbers of the less evolved nations of the world. The political culture of a nation is the fundamental qualities, mentalities, convictions, and thoughts of the individuals that involve a nation. This belief system of the individuals majorly affects the administration itself. International strategy, the structure of the administration itself, the laws, and the individuals that really have power are emphatically affected by what the individuals accept. For instance, numerous administrations of the world are non-common, for example, Iran and Egypt. These country’s government and laws began unequivocally from the Islamic foundations of the individuals. At that point one can take note of that the vast majority of these nations that are overwhelmed by religion have frail economies and flimsy systems. Fundamentalist gatherings engaging with communist gatherings who fight with supporters of a majority rules system is the thing that makes these nations what they are today. Another case of famous philosophy of a nation is Russia and different leftovers of the USSR. The vast majority of the individuals that live in these nations today lived under the Communist system for quite a long time as they bunch up under its impact. Since the system has fallen and just free enterprise had its spot the nations are battling among themselve s and one another. The perspectives on working and the job of government are as yet obsolete with a significant number of these individuals. They despite everything anticipate a check and an ensured activity in spite of the nature of their work. They originated from a time where there was little inspiration to work. This helps cause a debilitated economy as individuals are as yet changing in accordance with the new request. One significant hypothesis was Inglehart’s Post-Materialistic Theory. He says that as a propelled government assistance rises, at that point individuals become increasingly liberal as preservationist thoughts of financial addition assume a lower priority in relation to thoughts of self-rule and self-articulation. The individuals hold estimations of prosperity, natural quality, and free discourse at a higher need than standards, for example, monetary addition and material belongings. This sort of progress would majorly affect the administration itself as st rategy would most likely reflect individual freedom and ecological insurance as opposed to strategies prompting high material addition or a bigger organization. As observed there is a significant connection between the political culture of nations and looking at the legislatures of various nations. The explanation being that the way of life of the residents of a nation are a priceless asset in deciding the capacities, political motivation, and force holders of a country’s system. Along these lines when considering different nations one contemplated the political culture an individual can start to comprehend why a nation exists as it does. They can consider examples of open thoughts and discover inclines and find regular patterns that could prompt the clarification of such wonder as why one nation can have a solid fruitful economy that is profoundly industrialized exists in one nation while another nation is still non-industrialized and has a fairly poor economy. This particularly could be significant when contrasting nations of comparative system structures, for example, why Mexico even with system fundamentally the same as our won de spite everything is on the most part under-industrialized and poor when contrasted with the situation of the United States on the planet request. Contrasting society could help clarify dissimilarities in execution when looking at nations of comparable systems. Additionally by mapping changes in a country’s political culture one can associate those progressions with changes in system and discover examples and patterns ideally make speculations and theories that may clarify such changes. Another conceivable utilize is maybe material to international strategy and worldwide relations. On the off chance that the way of life of a nation can be characterized, at that point strategies can be shaped that could all the more likely work with the kind of individuals that live there with as meager negative response as conceivable, for example, numerous nations that the United States helps are annoyed by our quality in their properties. Reference index:

Friday, August 21, 2020

International Relations with Syria

International Relations with Syria International Relations Mar 26, 2018 in Economics Introduction In Syria, violence has taken new forms as both the regime and the opposition have adjusted their tactics. This has resulted to the brutal killings of the Syrian civilians especially women and children (Brown, 2004). It has also led to the violation of human rights though the situation is quite helpless because President Assad prohibited the human rights organizations and humanitarian groups to come and help the situation. Many officers that have deserted the army have also been killed mercilessly and the situation is getting out of hand. This problem can only be solved through intervention by the outside actors, which are the Arab and the international community, for instance the U.S. History and the Background Syria is a country located on one of the most religiously, historically and politically volatile areas on the planet (Gerges et al, 1994). At first it was a part of the Elban civilization located in the Middle East. Religion has also played an essential role in Syrias history, a theme that continues up to today. The uprise of Syrian is a continuous armed conflict between the forces that are loyal to the Baath Party and those who try to overthrow it. Primarily, the conflict began on March 15, with various public protests. Demonstrators wanted to end the five decades of the Party rule. Earlier, in April 2011, the Syrian government used regular Army to quell the demonstrations. After many days of military blockades, the demonstrations developed into an armed rebellion. Forces opposing the government became well organized and highly armed, while uniting into larger groups. Besides, many of them received military aid from some foreign countries. Nevertheless, the opposition failed to choo se a single leader. The government described the insurgencies as armed terrorist groups. The US, European Union, Arab league and other countries condemned the use of violence against the demonstrators. These countries have advised against sanctions. The Arab league suspended Syrias membership due to the governments response to the crisis.

Sunday, May 24, 2020

Hamlet Soliloquy Speech - 1816 Words

Hamlet’s â€Å"To be, or not to be† speech is ubiquitous. From a Sesame Street lesson to a Charlie Chaplin movie to a Malcolm X speech, it is a soundbite, the epitome of acting, and a rallying cry for action. Like Da Vinci’s Mona Lisa or Beethoven’s â€Å"Ode to Joy†, Shakespeare’s ponderous soliloquy seems to be more famous for its fame than for its merits, though it has many. How do directors and actors convince their audiences to engage with Hamlet’s words, when the audience is more inclined to be pulled into their own thoughts and ideas about the soliloquy as soon as they hear the signifier of â€Å"To be†? I will be examining approaches taken by directors and actors across the history of filmed Hamlets to create Hamlet’s famous speech, focusing on†¦show more content†¦In film, audiences are more naturally voyeurs than confidantes, so an audience for the soliloquy must be created inside of the context of the production. In Laurence Olivier’s 1948 film, the camera seems to zoom into the back of Hamlet’s head and enter his mind. A blurry focus shifting from Hamlet’s eyes’s point of view, looking at the water below, to a frame on Hamlet’s face, allows the possibility that the audience is experiencing Hamlet’s perspective, and Hamlet is having an out of body experience. This explains why the audience can still hear Hamlet’s thoughts when his lips stop moving. Then upon â€Å"perchance to dream†, the jarring musical cue, camera shift away from Hamlet’s head to a more normal frame of his entire body, and Hamletâ₠¬â„¢s opening of his eyes comprise moving outside of Hamlet’s head as he wakes from a trance. Hamlet speaks the rest of the monologue out loud, with no audience except himself and the cliffs. The shift from inside Hamlet’s mind to outside comes at the tone shift in the speech, the realization that the dreams of death are probably nightmares. Hamlet’s desire to express his thoughts about the horrors of life and death out loud is believable and natural. Since the audience has been inside of Hamlet’s mind, they are not likely to feel they are intruding upon Hamlet’s thoughts. The boundary between public and private life is erased many times in Hamlet. For example, Hamlet’s troubles and concerns come from his personalShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Soliloquy On Elizabethan Audience954 Words   |  4 PagesDecember 18, 2015 Impact of Soliloquy on Elizabethan Audience In William Shakespeare s revenge tragedy play Hamlet, the prevailing themes of revenge, madness, and morality were recognized by the Elizabethan audience and appealed to them. The play s central focus is on a young prince, Hamlet, who has gone through many challenges to avenge his father s death. Prince Hamlet got his revenge on his deceitful uncle, Claudius, the same man who murdered his father and married Hamlet s mother. 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The speech covers an idea we all refuse to acknowledge, humans bear the burden and labor of life only to avoid the unknown mysteries of death. For such a powerful soliloquy, converting it to films needs a brilliant directing; with outstandingRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Hamlet 1016 Words   |  5 PagesENG4UO June 12th 2015 Hamlet s Downward Spiral to Insanity through Unique Soliloquies The true soliloquy is a speech that an actor delivers alone onstage to either himself or an audience.. In William Shakespeare Hamlet, Hamlets soliloquies appears to generally reveal that he is pure but that he has adapted impulsive behaviour and enters his downfall into mental instability. Nonetheless, the soliloquies and set speeches have a fulfillment of place revealing much about Hamlet and his overall development

Wednesday, May 13, 2020

Physical, Cognitive, And Social Emotional Development

Typical Physical, Cognitive, and Social-Emotional Development This group of students is quite diverse. This group of fourth grade students also exhibit diversity from their home life, culture, and socioeconomic areas. This school has over an eighty percent ration of students on free or reduced lunches. Religious diversity also plays a part in this group of children. These children break up into social groups based along these lines of diversity. Physical Development Normal physical development for this age group, 8-10 year olds, would suggest that they will be â€Å"Full of energy,† they will need time to get out their excess energy (Wood, 2005). They may be experiencing growth spirts and they may need periodic breaks of physical activity. They should be able to participate in sports (McDevitt Ormrod, 2013, p. 27). These children should show increased ability in coordination, but may complain of frequent injuries (Wood, 2005). Maturation. Some girls show onset of puberty (McDevitt Ormrod, 2013, p. 27). This group of students plays hard at recess, but as mentioned before they often have bruised limbs and require ice packs at the end of the recess period (Wood, 2005). Teachers often keep refreeze-able icepacks in the classrooms to avoid unneeded disruptions. This seems to be a good strategy for this age group. Both the boys and girls have shown signs of recent growth spirts. They are sometimes overly aggressive when playing at recess, which is normal for this ageShow MoreRelatedDevelopment Of The Cognitive, Physical And Social Emotional Domains Within Middle Childhood980 Words   |  4 PagesThis essay aims to analysis the development of the cognitive, physical and social-emotional domains within middle childhood. This essay will discuss how the development of these domains can be seen throughout the movie ‘Boyhood’. 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I will also try to explain about the domain of development such as physical, cognitive, emotional and social. https://wwwRead MoreWhy Father Is Important?1587 Words   |  7 Pagesyour father? If not, what if you did? How did it make you feel? What was the importance of your father’s presence and involvement in your life? As these are questions I’ve examined to see if a father’s presence and involvement are important to development. The father role present-day is continually diminishing from the values that constitute a traditional family. Non- traditional and single parent family structures are a growing phenomenon. According to U.S. Census Bureau, over 77% of children in

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

The New Digital Era called “MP3 Technology” Free Essays

Downloading of music has been a long time subject of piracy. In the 1920’s, radio stations played records that are not tracked. It is a not-so obvious manner of piracy but did impact writers who were losing money due to public performance of their works without proper accountability. We will write a custom essay sample on The New Digital Era called â€Å"MP3 Technology† or any similar topic only for you Order Now No one was making money through this procedure but only radio stations via their sponsors. (Wicknick, par. 1) With this, the performance rights societies including ASCAP and BMI worked with the Congress and the FCC to change legislation to ensure that radio stations will track airplay and pay blanket licenses that were given to writers based on airplay. (Wicknick, par. 1) It is impossible to copy a record before the invention of blank tape. Its either you bought it or borrow a copy and played it until the needle lost its tip. (Wicknick, par. 3) In the mid 1960’s, even after the invention of blank tapes, copying a record is sill a clunky process. (Wicknick, par. 3) In the advent of cassette tape, people learned to do dubbing. But marketing of these tapes are low because it is still evident that it is dub due to sonic integrity has been compromised. ASCAP and BMI, together with the FCC, they began to collect blanket license fees on the sale of blank media and give them to writers and publisher members. (Wicknick, par. 4) In 1982, in the faà §ade of CD in Europe, Japan and in the United States by 1983, it was read-only. Burning to a CD is impossible before. But advancement in technology made it possible. In the year of 2003, you can burn CD from mp3 and sources like iTunes. However, MP3 and iTunes do charge for licensing, worked out deals and propose duplication allowances. (Wicknick, par. 5) The onslaught of the digital wave in 1999 started with the newly created MP3 file sharing software called Napster, stated Catherine Edwards, in her article â€Å"The Napster Challenger.†Ã‚   Lee Bockhorn, in his article â€Å"MP3 and Me: How I Stopped Worrying and Learned to Love Online Music File Sharing (sort of)† stated that on one side of the wave is the estimated 60 million MP3 Internet users that enjoy the advantages of ala carte collection choice, downloading these selections for free and testing music before purchasing. On the other side are the artists and recording companies making strong claims for illegal sharing of copyrighted material states John Healey and Jeff Leeds in their article â€Å"Tone Deaf to the Moral Dilemma?†Ã‚   The new MP3 file sharing technology has brought to us into a new digital age madness designed for music lovers.   Claiming violation of copyright laws, the greedy recording companies and music artists do not wish to give up the present business structure and refuse to embrace the exploding expansion of digital technology that will allow ‘ala carte purchases’. The start of this digital age software began with a 19-year-old freshman at Northeastern University in Boston in 1999.   His name is Shawn Fanning.   He revolutionized the music industry, developing a software program called Napster.   Napster allows music fans to share and download music files via the Internet for free.   Shawn received $15 million to start the corporation and is now a famous CEO (Edwards 160). Then, one and a half years later, in 2001, 2 famous bands, Metallica and Dr. Dre, sued Napster. The Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) sued as well, claiming Napster violated record label copyrights.   This case is still on appeal.   Since this time, Napster has joined with BMG Entertainment (a $50 million dollar deal) offering a new fee-based system (Edwards) The RIAA has been taking drastic measures to limit piracy. Consumers of music sees file-sharing or downloading as the wave of the future and legal in their own right. The lawsuits include a twelve year old for downloading contents online and an 80 year-old grandfather who were sued for his computer activity wherein he claimed that he don’t even know how to turn a computer on. Many of the grandparents bought computer for their grandchild as a treat whenever they come to visit their place. But a twelve year old may be well aware on the usage of the computer technology as well as a graduate student but doesn’t know or understand the violations of what they have done. (Wicknick, par. 2) The next approach for RIAA is to target college students and parents with further lawsuits alleging copyright violations.   â€Å"One goal is to persuade parents to crack down on their children’s file sharing before an entire generation comes to expect music to be free† (Healey and Leeds 175).   This may prove to be a futile effort with the millions of Internet users copying music for free on the new sites that have popped up, such as Kazaa or Limewire.   Also, many parents condone students’ downloading even though it’s unethical.   RIAA lawsuits will attempt to target the Internet account that is used to share the file (Healey and Leeds 177).   These lawsuits may change the attitudes of 12-22 year-olds, that when surveyed said that 70% of them would stop if at risk of a fine or jail (Healey and Leeds 178). According to the Pew Internet Project’s national survey of adult Internet users conducted last January-February 2005 resulted that about 7 million adults downloaded files from someone’s iPod or MP3 player. (Madden and Lee par. 2) Approximately, 10 million people get their music and video files through email and instant messages. But there are people who use both the same sources. Other alternative sources of downloading include music and movie websites, blogs and online reviews. There is also a legislation being pushed in Congress by the record companies.   If approved, it would use software to flood peer-to-peer sharing with dummy files, search public folders for illegally copies music and block users from downloading.   Even though it’s difficult to empathize with rich artists and greedy record companies, it is still, according to law, an illegal practice to share and download copyrighted music online.   Millions of people through MP3 technology are sharing files, making the concept of ‘fair use’ ridiculous (Bockhorn 163). Further in his article, Bockhorn writes of his personal exposure to the Napster era.   At the start of the Napster take-off he felt that it just wasn’t right to not pay an artist for his/her music.   He explains that his first temptation came after attending a Norah Jones concert.   He later downloaded her performance of the ‘Tennessee Waltz’ thru I-Tunes. His justification was that he had paid to see the concert and had bought previous albums (Bockhorn 162).   In a forum done by eight graders, some students thought that the music industries have huge incomes and it would not hurt if they will get a song or two from an album through the internet. A student said that the artist will still have an income because they are still buying T-shirts and watch their concerts. (Hafner, par. 13) Curiosities about MP3 file sharing, lead to Bockhorn’s downloading of Limewire, a successor to Napster.   He agrees that it is unquestionably, great technology, without paying a fee.   Drawbacks to MP3 are availability of music, modem connection speed, and the guilt of acquiring music without paying.   â€Å"If I want to download My Cherie Amour, Stevie Wonder should get a cut of whatever price a true market . . . determines the song is worth . . .† (Bockhorn 162). Currently, Bockhorn’s primary concern is that MP3 technology has definitely warped the minds of users copying illegal files to build their music collection.   But, why does the music lover continue to partake?   Number one because of choice and number two because it’s free (Bockhorn 163).   Most people will agree that it’s illegal but will continue to do it.   â€Å"Like countless millions, Miriam Philips felt no guilt in downloading music from a shared campus folder† (Healey and Leeds 175).   Philips offers no sympathy for the artist and the record company, â€Å"They’re rich, they can deal with it†, (Philips via Healey and Leeds 175). According to a 13-year old girl, if you wanted a song or two in a certain album, it is not a big deal.(Hafner, par. 3) However, when someone consistently downloaded an artist whole CD, it might be the right time to call them thieves. Almost all of the houses here in the US have Internet-connected computers in their homes. A student even asked that if downloading of music is really illegal, why do PCs were sold with CD burners? (Hafner, par. 18) Downloading of music through CD burning is very convenient especially to students who were mostly doing it.   Just a few clicks away, they will be able to have the songs they wanted. (Hafner, par. 9) Though some of these people knew that they are violating the law, but they can’t afford to give up convenience and less expensive or the free copies of the recordings of their own choice. On the other hand, there are some advantages to the downloading frenzy.   This technology has prompted some users to purchase CD’s based on a new interest in a particular type of music.   It is able to give a taste of a certain type of music or unknown band before purchasing an entire CD.   Users will find that if they’re downloading more than 2-3 songs they will probably go out and buy the entire album. Internet users will also argue that it is difficult at times to locate a particular piece of music that they’re looking for.   Also, this activity is for personal use, not resale (Healey and Leeds 176).   There is also no evidence that MP3 file sharing has dramatically hurt CD sales.   In 2001, sales dropped 10% and in 2002 sales dropped 7% (Bockhorn 163). There are news and write ups on lawsuits for music-downloading like the Napsters and Metallica lawsuits but possible loss of revenue for recording industry were not perceived. Music-downloading is hurting the businesses of music retailers. While downloaders are getting music for free through downloading it from internet or MP3s, it is a loss of income for massive music retail outlets. (Bestul, par. 5) People resigned from buying or purchasing music and switch over to downloading it from the computer instead. What they haven’t thought about is the income that music retailers or outlets will lose every time they download the music for free from computer or MP3 instead of buying a CD from retail outlets. In attempting to defend this illegal behavior, consumers will argue that corrupt record companies refuse to embrace technology that will allow ‘ala carte’ purchases.   Consumers wish to purchase the one or two songs from an album that are worthy of purchase.   This choice could lead to the extinction of great albums such as the Beatles’ Sgt. Peppers album (Bockhorn 163).   Bockhorn believes that people want to do the right thing, and hopes that record companies will provide us options for subscription or ala carte, but thus far they have been very reluctant.   If record companies would join the new technology, all of us could rest easier know that the artist got his/her share (Bockhorn 164). It is believe to be impossible to stop the downloading of music because it is the fad as of this era. Aside from the fact that many people are music lovers, the technology that we have today is unstoppable. Advancement in technology might be the reason why people can come up in this kind of technique in getting what they want for free or at a lesser cost with much ease. Maybe in the future, we might have other ways or means of downloading music or files in a more convenient way based on how technology progress on every generation. Future growth of MP3 digital technology is yet to be determined, with many changes to come.   Millions of Internet users each day have access to use of this technology, either through free or paid Internet sites.   Consumers do have a choice, the questions remains to be, how many will lean toward their obligation of legal choice.   Future enforcement of the free technology won’t be effective unless the music industry offers a legal alternative to file sharing. References Bestul, Michael J. (11 December 2003). â€Å"Lost in the controversy.† Blogcritics.com Retrieved last October 19, 2006. Websites: http://blogcritics.org/archives/2003/12/11/082220.php Bockhorn, Lee.   â€Å"MP3 and Me: How I Stopped Worrying and Learned to Love Online Music File-Sharing (sort of).† The Weekly Standard 16 October 2002 Edwards, Catherine. â€Å"The Napster Challenge.† Insight on the News January 2001 Hafner, Katie (19 September 2003). â€Å"Is it wrong to share your music? (Discuss).† The New York Times Retrieved last October 19, 2006. Website: http://www.nytimes.com/learning/teachers/featured_articles/20030919friday.html Healey, John, and Jeff Leeds. â€Å"Tone Deaf to the Moral Dilemma?† The Los Angeles Times 2 September 2003 Madden, Mary and Rainie, Lee (25 March 2005). â€Å"Music and Video Downloading Moves Beyond P2P.† Pew Internet and American Life Project Retrieved last October 19, 2006. W Website: http://www.pewinternet.org/PPF/r/153/report_display.asp Wicknick, Darcie-Nicole. â€Å"The RIAA Muic Downloading Controversy: Both Sides of the Record.† MusicBizAdvice.com Retrieved last October 19, 2006. Websites: http://www.musicbizadvice.com/a_little_history_on_music_piracy%20.htm http://www.musicbizadvice.com/the_music_downloaders_point_of_view.htm http://www.musicbizadvice.com/RIAA_Music_Downloading_Controversy.htm ; ; ; ; How to cite The New Digital Era called â€Å"MP3 Technology†, Essay examples

Tuesday, May 5, 2020

Case Study about Starbucks Going Global Fast @MyAssignmentHelp

Question: Discuss the controllable and uncontrollable factors and critique starbucks overall corporate strategy. Answer: Introduction Starbucks is increasing in number, continuously. Their presence in different countries is different. It is important for the management to understand the culture, likes and dislikes of people in the country so that the organization can grow further. The management should try to understand the expectations of people from different countries and plan their accordingly. At this point of time, the number of stores of Starbucks is considered to be its strength but there are very high possibilities that the increasing number of cafes will not matter and the quality of coffee offered matter the most. Controllable and Uncontrollable factors Starbucks is one of the popular names in the world of coffee but they have to struggle hard so that they can be stable at their position. There are plenty of controllable and uncontrollable factors which are creating an impact on the growth and fall of the business. The management will have to understand the controllable factors and look for ways by which it can be controlled. On the other end, the management will have look for ways by which the uncontrollable factors can be dealt with (Kessler 2015). In each country, the controllable and uncontrollable factors are different than that of each other. The controllable and uncontrollable factors of Starbucks, in different countries, are elaborated below. Uncontrollable factors There are plenty of uncontrollable factors associated with Starbucks. The management of Starbucks will have to look for ways by which they can deal with these threats. It is very important for the management of Starbucks to fight against these factors rather than that of ignoring it. The uncontrollable factors in Japan are as follows: - There are plenty of coffee shops in Japan and hence, the competition from rival shops is too high for Starbucks in Japan. Most of the Japanese prefer to consume coffee from the local store rather than that of into Starbucks. The competitors are offering local flavoured coffee at a much cheaper rate. The Japanese customers are still wondering if its worth of pay a high price and taste a coffee at Starbucks (Barber 2014). The economic condition of Japan shows a downturn of 14%. This is not a good sign for any business. Economy downturn would mean that the income of the people in the nation has reduced. This reduction would mean that the disposable income of the people will reduce. Reduction of disposable income would mean that people arent willing to spend much on luxury things. For customers in Japan, Starbucks is a luxury as it is priced above all the other similar coffee stores (Anthonisz 2014). The uncontrollable factors in France are different than that of Japan. Few of the uncontrollable factors in Japan are as follows: - In France, the political laws are very strong. There are plenty of secret regulations. It is the responsibility of the management to understand them and the business should follow those regulations so that the business can stay away from legal complications. In case of ignorance of any of the legal regulations, Starbucks will be forced to leave the nation. The labour laws are very generous. Every organization in France will have to pay better and also better perks to the employees, that what they pay in other countries. Due to this, Starbucks will have to come up with employee benefits that can lure the employees and also the government (Lee 2013). The uncontrollable factor in Vienna is different than what it is in France and Japan. The culture in Vienna allows the youth in the nation to try and explore new things and this is a positive thing for Starbucks. The youth in the nation will be enthusiastic about trying the coffee at Starbucks and at the same time, they will also be willing to explore the new products that would be launched in Starbucks periodically (Liat 2014). Controllable factors There are certain controllable factors which is creating an impact on the business of Starbucks. The controllable factors are same all over the world. Few of the controllable factors which should be controlled by Starbucks so that they can stay ahead in the competition are as follows: - The price of the coffee and other non-coffee items in Italian coffee stores is much cheaper than that what it is in Starbucks. Due to this reason, a lot of people in Italy prefer to have coffee at local Italian coffee outlets rather than that of having it in Starbucks. Price of an expresso at Starbucks is $1.5 but in Italian coffee outlets, an expresso just costs 67 cents (Morris 2014). There are plenty of products available at Starbucks, like coffee, tea, smoothies, sandwiches and others. It is very important for Starbucks to continue with this expansion so that the customers continue to come to the store to explore new products. The channel of distribution used by Starbucks is very unique. All the coffee shops are owned directly by Starbucks. They have 20,891 stores available in 62 countries. This is the largest coffeehouse in the world (Kim 2015). Starbucks doesnt make much investment in marketing. Most of the marketing is undertaken by word-of-mouth communication. Starbucks just spends just 1% of their total revenue in marketing. This is also undertaken only when a new product is launched in the market. Starbucks believes in continuous research. This continuous research allows the coffee house to come up with new things at regular intervals so that they can hold the attention of the customers (Hsu 2014). Sources of risk Starbucks is growing fast but at the same time, they will have to face plenty of risks in the near future. It is the responsibility of the management to understand these threats and act accordingly rather than that of being ignorant about the foreseen threats. Few of the major sources of risks that have been foreseen by Starbucks are discussed below. USA is the home market for Starbucks and the organization will have to accept to the fact that it is becoming saturated now. The number of Starbucks cafe is already high and hence, the management cannot think of having more cafes in the USA. If the management decides to go ahead and open few more cafes in the USA then they will notice that the revenue generated by Starbucks in the USA will reduce. Rather than that of looking for ways to increase the number of coffee shops, they can increase the quality of products that they offer to the customers. This will ensure that more people are attracted to the cafe and hence, the sales in Starbucks would ultimately increase (Chou 2014). The upcoming generation (generation X) is not willing to accept Starbucks and its products. The upcoming generation thinks that the $3 coffee offered by the cafe is meant for elderly people and not for them. With increase in the number of generation X, the sales of Starbucks is getting affected. Starbucks will have to plan and position itself as an organization that is cool and trendy. This will motivate the gen X crowd to sip a coffee at Starbucks. Only coffee will not be loved by the gen X so the products will also have to be changed accordingly to meet their taste and preference (Durna 2015). Starbucks is introducing plenty of new items that can be explored by people. Due to this, lot of people arent willing to come down to Starbucks. Starbucks is known for the coffee that they offer to people so they should continue to offer the same to the people. Starbucks can introduce smoothies, lattes, and sandwiches but they should always remember that people walk-in into Starbucks for coffee so that needs to be improved continuously. Continuous improvement in the coffee flavour will help Starbucks to retain the existing customers (Becerra 2013). Starbucks is no more loved by the employees working over there. In the past, employees use to proudly say that they are associated with Starbucks but that is not the case today. Today, the employees feel that they are manipulated and misused by the management of Starbucks. The benefits offered to the employees are very low. Today, there are plenty of pizza joints and coffee houses so the employees feel that working with Starbucks is like working with a pizza joint or any other coffee house (Jayawardena 2013). It is the responsibility of the management to look for ways by which employee benefits can be improved so that they can retain the existing employees and at the same time, attracting new employees will also be an easy task. Satisfying the employees with attractive compensation and benefits will ensure that the employees are happy and they will serve the customers with a smile. This smile will make the customers feel satisfied and hence, they will be motivated to walk back in the store (Rashid 2013). Critique Starbucks overall corporate strategy Starbucks is known for the best of strategies that they have in place to attract the customers but there are certain areas which need to be improved by Starbucks. Due to the mismatch between the corporate strategies that are implemented and the customer satisfaction, Starbucks is losing huge sales. Few of the areas wherein Starbucks needs to consider and improve are discussed below. Starbucks has its presence across the globe and this is one of the major reasons due to which, Starbucks is termed as a global organization. There are few cities in the USA wherein multiple Starbucks cafe is present but that is not the case with all the cities in the USA. There are eight cities in the USA that doesnt have Starbucks Cafe at this. This is not in sync with the corporate strategy of the organization. Starbucks wants to dominant the complete USA market but their absence in eight cities states that Starbucks havent explored the USA market completely. It is very important for Starbucks to have its presence in all the cities in the USA because USA is the parent country for the organization (Willie 2013). Starbucks believes that increasing the number of stores will help them to increase the sales but this is not the right strategy and this may not work longer. The customers are in love with the coffee flavour offered by Starbucks and hence, they prefer to walk-in in the store and they are really not concerned about the number of Starbucks cafe in different corners of the world. Starbucks will have to ensure that the taste of the coffee at Starbucks should be improved continuously so that they retain the customers and also attract new customers. If Starbucks is able to team up the best coffee with best price then nothing better is going to happen (Lo 2013). No differentiation among the customers of Starbucks is one of the wrong strategies that are used by Starbucks. The 3$ is loved by the senior people but the people in the early 20s are not willing to take a sip. Starbucks can come up with products to match the taste of younger generation. This will ensure that Starbucks is attracting the senior people and also the generation X. Starbucks will have to put in efforts to understand the taste and preference of generation X as the generation X customers believe that there is nothing matching to their taste and preference in Starbucks (Ozan 2015). Low advertisement of Starbucks may be considered as strength by the management of Starbucks but that is not the fact and its needs to be accepted by Starbucks. Just 1% of the revenue is utilized by the management for the purpose of marketing. Large corporations spend a minimum of 10% of their total revenue on marketing and this helps the organization to be popular (Muhi 2013). It is very important for the management of Starbucks to make further investment in marketing so that the brand can reach to people in different corners of the world. Apart from that, marketing will also help the organization to attract more people to the cafe (Nomsa 2015). Predatory real-estate strategy is used by Starbucks so that they dont allow the competitors to enter the place wherein they are present. This is one of the wrong strategies used by Starbucks to stay ahead in the competition. Starbucks is not playing the game fair and this is not a healthy sign. They should allow the competitors to occupy a place close by. This will help Starbucks to understand their real position in the market. The competitor can be studied if they are more preferred over Starbucks and accordingly, Starbucks can improve further. Starbucks pay is criticized across the globe. The employees talk about the heavy workload and low pay that they receive and this is not a good sign for the organization. It is the responsibility of the management to pay the employees as per the work that they do. If the salary paid and the work done is not sync with each other then this dissatisfaction will be seen in the work that they deliver and hence, the customers will be ultimately dissatisfied (Promsivapallop 2015). Strategic Analysis Porters five forces analysis of Starbucks It is very important for the management of Starbucks to understand the impact of various factors on Starbucks. This will help the management to plan their strategic. The impact of various factors on Starbucks is discussed below. Rivalry among existing competitors is very high for Starbucks because there are plenty of coffee shops. Even small and local coffee shops can be considered as a competitor for Starbucks. McDonalds, Dunkin Donuts and other such cafes are also giving a tough competition to Starbucks. Bargaining power of suppliers is very high in the coffee industry. It is very important for Starbucks to ensure that they have the best quality coffee beans so that they can serve the best to the customer. Coffee beans cannot be produced at all the locations and hence, acquiring the same quality of coffee beans at all point of time will be very difficult. Bargaining power of buyers is also very high for Starbucks because the buyers can easily switch their loyalty from one cafe to that of another as there is no switching cost associated with shifting loyalty. Threats from substitutes can be considered to be limited as coffee lovers will always prefer to have coffee, over energy drinks, soft drinks or anything else. Pubs can be considered as a substitute for Starbucks as people like to meet each other and spend time in the pub rather than that of going to a cafe. Threat of new entrants in the industry is very low because Starbucks have a reputation for itself in the market. The customers who are loyal to Starbucks will never think of moving to some other cafe. Recommendations for Starbucks in the USA Starbucks will have to improve so that they can stay ahead in the competition. Few of the recommendations that can be implemented by Starbucks in the USA, so that they can get rid of the stagnated sales, are as follows: - There are 8 cities in the USA that doesnt have Starbucks. This means there are few people who dont have access to Starbucks. Starbucks can set up their store there so that the sales of Starbucks USA can be increased (Sund 2013). Starbucks is one of the oldest cafes in the USA. This is one of the reasons due to which lot of people walk-in into the cafe but the younger generation is sceptical about Starbucks. It is the responsibility of the management to introduce new products so that Starbucks can be loved by the younger generation as well. The advertising of Starbucks should be increased so that it can look appealing to the youngsters in the nation (Yu 2014). Conclusion Starbucks is one of the popular coffee stores across the globe but they are certain areas wherein they need to improve so that they can stay ahead in the competition. The management will have to work on the Japanese market so that they can survive in Japan. Improvement in the services is one of the best strategies to stay ahead in the competition, at all possible locations. References Anthonisz, A, 2014, Assessing the future of housekeeping operations in Dubais five-star hotel industry room for innovation?, Worldwide hospitality and tourism themes, vol. 6, no. 4, pp. 352-361 Becerra, M, 2013, Being Better VS being different: differentiation, competition, and pricing strategies in the Spanish hotel industry, Tourism Management, vol. 34, pp. 71-77 Barber, N, 2014, Tapping mindfulness to shape hotel guests sustainable behaviour, Cornell Hospitality Quarterly, vol. 55, no. 1, pp. 110-114 Chou, C, 2014, Hotels environmental policies and employee personal environmental beliefs: interactions and outcomes, vol. 40, pp. 436-446 Durna, U, 2015, The role of servicescape and image perceptions of customers on behavioural intentions in the hotel industry, International journal of contemporary hospitality management, vol. 27, no. 7, pp. 1728-1748 Jayawardena, C, 2013, trends in the international hotel industry, worldwide hospitality and tourism themes, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 114-131 Hsu, C, 2014, Low carbon supplier selection in the hotel industry, Sustainability, vol. 6, no. 5, pp. 2658-2684 Kessler, A, 2015, Types of organizational innovativeness and success in Austrian hotels, International journal of contemporary hospitality management, vol. 27, no. 7, pp. 1707-1727 Kim, H, 2015, Economic impacts of the hotel industry: an input-output analysis, vol. 70, no. 2, pp. 132-149 Lo, Y, 2013, Stakeholder management in the Chinese hotel industry: the antecedents and impacts, International journal of contemporary hospitality management, vol. 25, no. 4, pp. 470-490 Lee, C, 2013, Quality Dimension in Elderly service in Taiwan Hotel industry, International journal of academic research in business and social sciences, vol. 3, no. 3, pp. 80-97 Liat, C, 2014, The association between service quality, corporate image, customer satisfaction, and loyalty: Evidence from the Malaysian hotel industry, Journal of hospitality marketing and management, vol. 23, no. 3, pp. 314-326 Morris, S, 2014, Emerging trends regarding accessible accommodation in Dubai luxury hotels, Worldwide Hospitality and Tourism themes, vol. 6, no. 4, pp. 317-327 Muhi, B, 2013, Green trends in the hotel industry status and opportunities of Serbia, Journal of economic development, environment and people, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 73-79 Nomsa, M, 2015, The relationship between e-commerce adoption and competition in Hotel industry, International Journal of information and education technology, vol. 6, no. 5, pp. 394-397 Ozan, O, 2015, Evaluation of competition conditions in hotel sector in Istanbul, International review of management and marketing, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 102-107 Promsivapallop, P, 2015, Factors influencing Hotel outsourcing decisions in Thailand: Modifications to the transaction cost economics approach, Journal of Hospitality and Tourism research, vol. 39, no. 1, pp. 32-56 Rashid, Z, 2013, Service quality and the mediating effect of corporate image on the relationship between customer satisfaction and customer loyalty in the Malaysian hotel industry, Gadjah Mada International journal of business, vol. 15, no. 2, pp. 99-112 Sund, K, 2013, Scanning, perceived uncertainty and the interpretation of trends: A study of hotel directors interpretation of demographic change, International journal of hospitality management, vol. 33, pp. 294-298 Willie, P, 2013, Trends in hotel investment and financial management in Canada, Worldwide hospitality and tourism themes, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 190-204 Yu, Y, 2014, Critical issues of globalization in the international hotel industry, Current Issues in tourism, vol. 17, no. 2, pp. 114-118

Thursday, April 2, 2020

The Silence Essays - Americas, Racism, Slavery In The United States

Federman 8/20/17 The Silence: The actions, or lack thereof, made by the Congress in the 1790s altered history for hundreds of years after the events. The Constitution had been ratified by the former 13 colonies to create a more established federal government than the Articles of Confederation. During the first meetings, two Quaker delegations proposed petitions calling for an end to the African slave trade. This was stunning and considered an embarrassing intrusion, especially by the Southern Delegations.However , this action caused a new wave of debate and infighting in Congress. One side is the Northern abolitionists who are already phasing out slavery without federal intervention. The other side is the South, where slavery is an integral part of their economy, and would take a hit if slavery were abolished. However, talks were pushed back by James Madison and the chance to end slavery in that era ended. Joseph Ellis is correct in that Congress' delaying of the abolition of slavery was a legisl ative failure and showed the rising differences in the North vs. the South that continue to this day. Body Paragraph 1: The North had already begun their own abolition of slavery, and were ready to make it on a nation al level, showing an extreme difference of belief between the two. Ben Franklin signed onto petition, legitimizing it and causing it to be debated. States like Vermont and New Hampshire had already banned slavery. Declaration of Independence \"unambiguous tract for abolition.\" (89). Analysis: The North held extremely different viewpoints than the South, which would lead to a lack of compromise and the delaying of the abolition of slavery. Body Paragraph 2: The South was not interested in abolishing slavery, for it was too important to their economy. \"South Carolina and Georgia cannot do without slaves.\" (92). Racist reasons: \"if they did intermarry with the whites, then the whites would be extinct.\" (100). Says that they can't abolish slavery until 1808. Analysis: This shows how much slaves were important to them economically, and the extreme division in viewpoints between the North and South. Body Paragraph 3: The government's failure in responding to this issue caused the freeing of the slaves to be delayed 70 years. \"the inability to take decisive action against slavery in the decades immediately following the Revolution permitted the size of the enslaved population to grow exponentially and the legal and political institutions of the developing US government to become entwined in compromises with slavery's persistence\" (88). \"The census of 1790 revealed that the window of opportunity to end slavery was opening, not closing.\" (104). The South threatened disunion, and James Madison, who's beliefs unknown, took slavery off the national agenda to avoid the collapse of the nation. Analysis: The stubbornness of the South led to slavery being taken off the table, shutting the opportunity for slavery to end for decades. Works Cited: Ellis, Joseph J. Founding Brothers: The Revolutionary Generation. New York, Vintage Books, 2002. \"I pledge my honor that I have not collaborated with any other students and have completed this assignment in accordance with my teacher's instructions and the Upper School Honor Code.\"

Sunday, March 8, 2020

Cause and Effect Essay Topics

Cause and Effect Essay Topics Cause and Effect Essay Topics Don’t know how to write a good cause-and-effect essay? Choosing among the topics offered here will make it easier for you to do it. All of these topics meet the quality standards and academic needs. Don’t hesitate to use any of them and achieve the best result! Relationships Why is divorce rate so high today? How does divorce impact family and children? Do social media affect family life? What is the nature of conflicts between siblings? Does childbearing affect the career? Does a strong family relationship make people healthier? How does a girl’s relationship with her father affect her own life as a married woman? What factors are crucial for family relationships? Social Issues What factors affect the levels of richness and poverty in the USA? Does poverty reduce the chances to succeed in life and career? Do violent games affect children’s relationships with their peers? How can non-governmental organizations help prevent global climate change? How does religious discrimination affect social stability? Why do people all over the world eat low-quality foods? Can low-quality water affect people’s health? Healthcare Why are so many Americans overweight? Why do people fail to prevent disease occurrence and complications? Why do people fail to adhere to the prescribed treatment regimen? What are the health effects of stress and anxiety? Why does cancer research fail to bring visible results? Why do people seek help in alternative treatments? Can information technologies facilitate access to healthcare? Why are cardiovascular diseases so common in America? Technology Do computer games affect child psychology? Does cellphone communication affect personal relationships? Does shopping online make people spend more money? Â   How can social media help teenagers build relationships? What are the effects of bullying at school? Why do teenagers often spend their time online? Education What do talented students think about studying in a regular school? Why do most children dislike going to school? Do technologies facilitate the learning process? Can homeschooling replace schools? Does wearing school uniform reduce the incidence of conflicts among students? Why do teachers face the risks of burnout? Is children’s health affected by spending more time at school? History How did British and French colonialism alter the people around the globe? Why did the American Revolution begin? What were the causes of the Civil War? How did WWII affect the Jews all over the world? What caused numerous civil rights movements in the 1960s? What were the causes of the 9/11? Can illegal immigration damage social wellbeing in America?

Thursday, February 20, 2020

The Components of the Multi-Media Employment Market Essay

The Components of the Multi-Media Employment Market - Essay Example The researcher states that many people today believe, that multi-media will fundamentally change the way people learn, communicate and entertain themselves. This can be done because people can now choose and customise how and what information they receive and when it is received. Unlike linear media like film and video multi-media users can interact and direct the sequence, speed and other aspects of the presentation†. For this especially skilled professionals have specific knowledge and skills. This essay aims to explore what actually multi-media is in the context of being an avenue of employment for millions on a global scale. It reports the characteristics of the employment market in this fast-growing sector of the global economy. It states the types of jobs that are universally accepted as being a part of the multi-media ambit and the professional and personal skills and requirements that are necessary to compete successfully. The researcher of this essay also explores the kinds of work that have to be successfully undertaken by incumbents in the various job profiles within multi-media. It is also mentioned that multi-media is being increasingly used in other devices today, such as mobile phones and kiosks. It is also being used pervasively in advertising products through electronic media. In conclusion, the researcher states that the scope for employment in multi-media is thus increasing at a pace, which is more than in many other innovative sector of industry worldwide.

Wednesday, February 5, 2020

Art Appreciation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 5

Art Appreciation - Essay Example Although these artists came from different places, their works exhibited some similarities. Equally, they had many differences including the intention and purpose of their artworks. During the ancient time, the pharaohs and other Egyptian authorities were powerful and had much influence on every economic sector. As a result, Egyptians were subjected to strict artistic laws. The authorities ensured every artist in the country worked and performed his/her acts under the specific rules of symmetry enacted by the government (Robins 12). In addition, the authorities dictated their work and used them mostly for ceremonial activities organized in the country. On the other hand, Greeks had freedom and power to perform their arts freely without interference from the government. They had the freedom to use their talents and gifts to experiment with every style and concept they liked or saw. As a result, art in Greece was a way of expressing ones thoughts and ideas freely as opposed to Egypt where artists were restricted and had suggestions of what to do from the authorities. Furthermore, Egyptian artist`s works were much more religion-oriented. They did pictures and portraits depicting their gods with holy writings of the scriptures on their artworks. Most of their royal hieroglyphs and incantations were written throughout their beautiful and attractive pyramids (Robins 18). Furthermore, due to the authoritative and influential nature of their kings and officials, artists viewed their king as holy and divine and did most of their artworks to honor and respect them. In contrast, in Greece artworks were not religious oriented. These groups of brilliant and creative artists did their work based on the philosophy and moral balance. Most of their artworks reflected their thoughts and views on various important and pressing issues in the society and world at large. For instance, Greeks statues exhibited emotions. Greeks brought out their real

Monday, January 27, 2020

Discourse Analysis of Opening Speeches at Shangri La

Discourse Analysis of Opening Speeches at Shangri La INTRODUCTION Rationale Under the growing trend towards globalization, English is known as the most preferable language used in every field of mans life. No one can deny the usefulness of this language in enhancing international communication among individuals, organizations, as well as nations in this fast-changing world. Not surprisingly, English is a tool for countries all over the world to participate fully in the international network. Giving speech play an important role in any kind of forums, especially in summit conferences like Shangri-La Dialogue. A good speech will show the intentions, feelings, emotions, expectation and even the criticism of the speaker to his audiences. Thus, in order to have an effective and successful speech Shangri-La Dialogue, the speakers have to provide clear and relevant messages. In addition, their intellect, understanding, political stance and consistency need to be performed when the speakers give speech. Besides, the speakers attitude also plays an essential part in making the address more effectively, vividly and persuasively. Not only that the goal of persuasion, the messages are more persuasively and powerfully delivered. I realize that there are so many interesting things that need to be studied in speeches used in Shangri-La dialogues. There has been no research so far in Vietnam, to my knowledge, offering a discourse analysis of speeches in Shangri-La dialogues. From these factors, I have decided to choose Adiscourse analysis of opening speeches at Shangri-La dialogues as the topic of my M.A thesis because of its importance and significance. This thesis is carried out with the hope that the research will be a contribution to present linguistic knowledge and provide Vietnamese learners of English, especially students in the press and diplomatic fields with some useful information about the linguistic features of speeches in political forums. Aims and objectives Aims of the study The study aims to investigate the discourse features of opening speeches at Shangri-La dialogues in terms of their discourse topics, cohesive devices and stylistic devices. Objectives This paper is designed to aim at the following objectives: To examine the discourse features of opening speeches used in Shangri-La dialogues in terms of their discourse topics, cohesive devices and stylistic devices. To study the significant effect of discourse features on opening speeches ( the contents of speech, the intention and attitude of the lecturerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦) To discuss about the results of the findings so that a generalization of the language can be made. To suggest some implications for teaching English to Vietnamese learners especially students of the diplomacy and press fields. Scope of the Study Within a limited scope of an M.A thesis, this research will focus on studying the discourse topics, the cohesive devices and the stylistic devices of opening speeches used in Shangri-La dialogues. Research questions In order to achieve the above mentioned aims and objectives, the research will seek to the answers for the following questions: What are the discourse features of opening speeches at Shangri-La dialogues in terms of their discourse topics? What are the discourse features of opening speeches at Shangri-La dialogues in terms of their cohesive devices? What are the discourse features of opening speeches at Shangri-La dialogues in terms of their stylistic devices? Organization of the study The study is organized into five chapters as follows. Chapter 1, Introduction presents the rationale, the aims and objectives, the research questions to solve, the scope and the organization of the research. Chapter 2, Literature Review and Theoretical Background consists of two parts. The first part is a review of previous studies related to this thesis. The second one is concerned with theoretical concepts of terms : discourse topics, cohesive devices and stylistic devices. Chapter 3, Methods and Procedures concerns itself with the research method, procedure of data collection, description of samples, data analysis and research procedures. Chapter 4, Findings and Discussion discusses the main purpose of conducting this study. It focuses on answering the research questions about the discourse topics, cohesive devices, and stylistic devices of opening speeches used in Shangri-La dialogues. It presents the results and discusses the findings of the study. Chapter 5, Conclusion and Recommendation draws conclusions and suggests some implications basing on the results in previous chapter. LITERATURE REVIEW AND THEORETICAL BACKGROUND Literature Review Discourse Analysis (DA) is a modern linguistic discipline that covers a wide variety of different fields. Discourse analysis examines language in use both written texts of all kinds and spoken data from conversation to highly institutionalized forms of talk. Analysis of discourse looks not only at the basic level of what is said, but takes into consideration the contexts which it is used. Thus, discourse analysis not only study language use beyond the sentence boundar, but also analyze naturally occurring language use. It means that discourse analysis is one of the aspects which attract the interest of many linguists and researchers all over the world. Under the heading of discourse analysis, there have been a lot of studies dealing with a wide range of its subfields such as coherence, cohesion, context, conversation analysis, information structure, speech act theory and theme-rhyme. Up to present, many foreign scholars including Halliday and Hasan [30], Brown and Yule [18], Cook [21 ], Hatch [31], Nunan [33] have made great contributions to the field in different approaches and methods. These publications focused on one or another aspect of discourse analysis theory which gave us an overall picture of theoretical background to examine how language is in use. In Vietnam, many linguists have made great contributions to the study of discourse analysis. Tran Ngoc Them [10] has investigated in detail cohesion in Vietnamese texts with Hà ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬ ¡ thà ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬Ëœng lià ªn kà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ¿t văn bà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ £n Tià ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ¿ng Vià ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬ ¡t and Văn bà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ £n và   Lià ªn kà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ¿t trong Tià ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ¿ng Vià ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬ ¡t. Nguyen Duc Dan [4] and Nguyen Thien Giap [5] studied discourse analysis from a pragmatic view. Diep Quang Ban [2] has given an overall view of text and utterance especially above the sentence level. Nguyen Hoa with Nghià ªn cà ¡Ã‚ »Ã‚ ©u dià ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬ ¦n ngà ´n và ¡Ã‚ »Ã‚  chà ­nh trà ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬ ¹ xà £ hà ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â€ž ¢i [6] and more recently Nguyen Hoa with Phà ¢n tà ­ch dià ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬ ¦n ngà ´n phà ª bà ¬nh [8]. Besides, there have been a number of master theses dealing with political speeches including: Le Thi Hoang Van [32] made an investigation into Linguistic Features of Antithesis in Political Speeches in English and Vietnamese. In this research, she investigated argumentation power of antithesis and stylistic features of rhetorical devices in antithesis in English political speeches and Vietnamese political speeches. Pham Khac Thu [36] did a research on Modality Markers Used in Political Speeches by US Presidents. The author investigated a wide range of modal expressions used in all the inaugural speeches of the US presidents. Nguyen Thi Hanh [35] investigated into the structure of Theme Rheme in English and Vietnamese political speeches. The study focuses on the structure of Theme Rheme in English and Vietnamese political speeches in terms of characteristics, semantic and pragmatic aspects. Nguyen Uy Dung [34] carried out an investigation into Stylistic Devices in Political Speeches by US Presidents. The study highlighted the use of Stylistic Devices in political speeches by US Presidents. Most of them studied the discourse or a small aspect of political speeches being well-prepared in written texts by the politicians. All study above gave me a useful brief knowledge about discourse and help me have an overview of language definition, language development and its branches in general, and language characteristics in details as well. Beside that, I also recognized that there are some fields which others theses do not deal with. I, myself, would like to contribute my little more effort into them. To the best of my knowledge, up to now, there is little evidence that any research on discourse analysis of opening speeches in dialogues about political issues has been done. Thus, A discourse analysis of Opening speeches at Shangri-La dialogues would be conducted with the aim of contributing a minor part to the overall picture of this field. Theoretical background The study will make use of a theoretical framework based on these following fundamental concepts. 2.2.1. Concepts of Discourse 2.2.2. Concepts of Discourse Analysis 2.2.3. Discourse topic a. Topic framework b. Presupposition pools c. Sentential topic and the presupposition pool 2.2.4. Cohesion and Coherence a. Cohesion b. Coherence 2.2.5. Stylistic Devices a. Definition of Stylistic Devices c. Notion of Common Stylistic Devices in speech b. Function of Stylistic Devices 2.2.6. An overview of a speech 3. METHOD AND PROCEDURE Research Design Descriptive method seems to be the most popular tool in doing any linguistic research since linguistics is by nature a descriptive science and the analytic method is typically used to clarify and justify their features. As mentioned above, the aim of this study was to describe and analyze speeches used in Shangri-La dialogues. Descriptive and qualitative methods were used to give a detailed description of their discourse topics, cohesive devices and stylistic devices of speeches used in Shangri-La dialogues. Quantitative information was also collected to show the frequency of the discourse features of speeches used in Shangri-La dialogues along with qualitative information about the discourse features of a speech. Data collection and data analysis Data Collection The data of the study appeared in the form of transcripts of Shangri-La dialogues on the Internet which are based on the criteria defined. They were selected mainly from the following website on August, 2015: https://www.iiss.org/en/events/shangri-s-la-s-dialogue/speeches https://www.iiss.org/en/events/shangri%20la%20dialogue/archive/sld12-43d9 https://www.iiss.org/en/events/shangri%20la%20dialogue/archive/shangri-la-dialogue-2013-c890 http://www.iiss.org/en/events/shangri%20la%20dialogue/archive/shangri-la-dialogue-2011-4eac https://www.iiss.org/en/events/shangri%20la%20dialogue/archive/shangri-la-dialogue-2010-0a26 https://www.iiss.org/en/events/shangri%20la%20dialogue/archive/shangri-la-dialogue-2009-99ea https://www.iiss.org/en/events/shangri%20la%20dialogue/archive/shangri-la-dialogue-2008-2906 http://www.iiss.org/en/events/shangri%20la%20dialogue/archive/shangri-la-diaogue-2007-d1ee https://www.iiss.org/en/events/shangri%20la%20dialogue/archive/shangri-la-dialogue-2006-f1a5 https://www.iiss.org/en/events/shangri%20la%20dialogue/archive/shangri-la-dialogue-2014 Data Analysis In this study, more than 14 samples of speeches used in Shangri-La dialogues selected for the analysis are in the form of written texts in the sources provided. After collecting these samples of answer, they are analyzed in terms of their discourse topics, cohesive devices and stylistic devices. All samples are shown in the following table: Order Date of Opening Dialogues Speaker Length 1st 30 May 2003 Lee Kun Yew 41:32 2nd 30 May 2003 Lee Kun Yew 37:26 3rd 4 June 2004 Goh Chok Tong 40:35 4th 3 June 2005 Lee Hsien Loong 32:45 5th 2 June 2006 Lee Hsien Loong 37:12 6th 1 June 2007 Lee Hsien Loong 45:23 7th 30 May 2008 Lee Hsien Loong 28:50 8th 29 May 2009 Kevin Rudd 36:48 9th 4 June 2010 Lee Myung-Bak 43:15 10th 3 June 2011 John Chipman 30:22 11th 1 June 2012 Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono 26:18 12th 31 May 2013 Nguyen Tan Dung 25:00 13th 30 May 2014 John Chipman 50:17 14th 29 May 2015 Lee Hsien Loong 38:16 Research procedures The research was conducted with the procedures as follows: Identifying the research topic to study by reviewing the previous studies thoroughly. Collecting documents related to the research in the library and other sources from the Internet. Collecting samples of speeches used in Shangri-La dialogues from the Internet. Presenting, describing and analyzing the data in order to find out discourse feature of speeches. Suggesting some implications for language users and further research. The study will be carried out following these steps: Time Work Place April-Sept, 2015 Working on proposal literature review Ä aklak Sept-Nov, 2015 Data collection + initial analysis Ä aklak Nov-Dec, 2015 Analysis Ä aklak Jan, 2016 Update literature review Ä aklak Feb-May, 2016 Writing up Ä aklak June, 2016 Completing first draft Ä aklak July, 2016 Updating first draft Ä aklak July, 2016 Finishing writing MA thesis Ä aklak Aug, 2016 Presenting MA thesis Ä aklak Reliability and Validity In terms of reliability, the source selected to be analyzed is derived from the Internet in English. Regarding validity, this study meets all required criteria. In order to answer the two formulated research questions, the observation and investigation techniques have been chosen to be the main instruments for data collection. The samples are taken from famous English political speeches by a large number of prominent representatives of each nation. REFERENCES In Vietnamese [1] Dià ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬ ¡p Quang Ban (1999), Văn bà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ £n và   lià ªn kà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ¿t trong tià ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ¿ng Vià ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬ ¡t, NXB Già ¡o dà ¡Ã‚ »Ã‚ ¥c, Hà   Nà ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â€ž ¢i. [2] Dià ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬ ¡p Quang Ban (2003), Giao tià ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ¿p, văn bà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ £n, mà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ¡ch là ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ¡c, lià ªn kà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ¿t, NXB Khoa hà ¡Ã‚ »Ã‚ c Xà £ hà ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â€ž ¢i. [3] Dià ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬ ¡p Quang Ban (2009), Giao tià ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ¿p, dià ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬ ¦n ngà ´n và   cà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ¥u tà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ¡o cà ¡Ã‚ »Ã‚ §a văn bà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ £n, Nxb Già ¡o dà ¡Ã‚ »Ã‚ ¥c. [4] Nguyà ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬ ¦n Ä Ãƒ ¡Ã‚ »Ã‚ ©c Dà ¢n (1998), Ngà ¡Ã‚ »Ã‚ ¯ dà ¡Ã‚ »Ã‚ ¥ng hà ¡Ã‚ »Ã‚ c, Nxb Già ¡o dà ¡Ã‚ »Ã‚ ¥c, Hà   Nà ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â€ž ¢i. [5] Nguyà ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬ ¦n Thià ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬ ¡n Già ¡p (2000), Dà ¡Ã‚ »Ã‚ ¥ng hà ¡Ã‚ »Ã‚ c Vià ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬ ¡t ngà ¡Ã‚ »Ã‚ ¯, Nxb Ä Ãƒ ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ¡i hà ¡Ã‚ »Ã‚ c Quà ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬Ëœc gia Hà   Nà ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â€ž ¢i. [6] Nguyà ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬ ¦n Hoà   (1999), Nghià ªn cà ¡Ã‚ »Ã‚ ©u dià ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬ ¦n ngà ´n và ¡Ã‚ »Ã‚  chà ­nh trà ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬ ¹ xà £ hà ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â€ž ¢i trà ªn tÆ ° lià ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬ ¡u bà ¡o chà ­ tià ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ¿ng Anh và   tià ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ¿ng Vià ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬ ¡t hià ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬ ¡n Ä‘Ã ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ¡i, Luà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ­n à ¡n tià ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ¿n sà ¡Ã‚ »Ã‚ ¹ Ngà ¡Ã‚ »Ã‚ ¯ văn. [7] Nguyà ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬ ¦n Hà ²a (2003), Phà ¢n tà ­ch dià ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬ ¦n ngà ´n: Mà ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â€ž ¢t sà ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ và ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ¥n Ä‘Ã ¡Ã‚ »Ã‚  là ½ luà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ­n và   phÆ °Ãƒâ€ Ã‚ ¡ng phà ¡p, Nxb Ä HQG Hà   Nà ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â€ž ¢i. [8] Nguyà ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬ ¦n Hoà   (2006), Phà ¢n tà ­ch dià ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬ ¦n ngà ´n phà ª bà ¬nh, Nxb Ä Ãƒ ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ¡i hà ¡Ã‚ »Ã‚ c Quà ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬Ëœc gia Hà   Nà ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â€ž ¢i. [9] Nguyà ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬ ¦n Hà ²a (2008), Phà ¢n tà ­ch dià ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬ ¦n ngà ´n: Mà ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â€ž ¢t sà ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ và ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ¥n Ä‘Ã ¡Ã‚ »Ã‚  là ½ luà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ­n và   phÆ °Ãƒâ€ Ã‚ ¡ng phà ¡p, Nxb Ä Ãƒ ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ¡i hà ¡Ã‚ »Ã‚ c Quà ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬Ëœc gia Hà   Nà ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â€ž ¢i. [10] Trà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ §n Ngà ¡Ã‚ »Ã‚ c Thà ªm (1998), Hà ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬ ¡ thà ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬Ëœng lià ªn kà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ¿t văn bà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ £n Tià ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ¿ng Vià ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬ ¡t, NXB Già ¡o dà ¡Ã‚ »Ã‚ ¥c. [11] Trà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ §n Ngà ¡Ã‚ »Ã‚ c Thà ªm (1985), Hà ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬ ¡ thà ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬Ëœng lià ªn kà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ¿t văn bà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ £n tià ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ¿ng Vià ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬ ¡t, Hà   Nà ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â€ž ¢i: NXB KHXH. [12] Trà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ §n Ngà ¡Ã‚ »Ã‚ c Thà ªm (2000), Hà ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬ ¡ thà ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬Ëœng lià ªn kà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ¿t văn bà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ £n tià ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ¿ng Vià ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬ ¡t, NXB GiaÃÅ' o duÃÅ' £c. In English [13] Algeo, J., Pyles, T., Wadsworth, T. (2005), The Origins and Development of the English Language, Heinle. [14] Austin, J.L. (1955), How to do things with words, Oxford University Press. [15] Beaugrand, R. and Dresser, W. (1981), Introduction to Text Linguistics, London / New York: Longman. [58] Pham Khac Thu (2010), An Investigation into Modality Markers Used in Political Speeches by US Presidents, MA Thesis, The University of Danang. [16] Biber, D., Conrad, S. Leech, G. (2002), Longman student grammar of spoken and written English, (3rd Ed.) England: Pearson Education Limited. [17] Borsley, R. (1999) Syntactic Theory, Second Edition, Arnold, A Member of the Hodder Headline Group [18] Brown, G. and Yule, G. (1983), Discourse Analysis, Cambridge University Press. [19] Cambridge Advanced Learners Dictionary, Fourth Edition, Cambridge University Press [20] Coates, J. (1983), The Semantics of Modal Auxiliaries, London/Canberra: Croom Helm. [21] Cook, G. (1989), Discourse, Oxford University Press, Oxford. [22] Crystal, D. (1992), Introducing Linguistics, Penguin, Harlow. [23] Dontcheva-Navrà ¡tilova, O. (2005), Grammatical Structures in English: Meaning in Context, Brno: Masaryk University. [25] Erhman, M. (1966), The meanings of the modals in present-day American English, The Hague:Mouton Co. [26] Galperin, I.R. (1977), Stylistics, Moscow: Higher School [27] Gee, P. (1999), An Introduction to Discourse Analysis: Theory and Method, London, Routledge [28] Gee, P., Green, J. (1998), Discourse analysis, learning, and social practice: A methodological study, Review of Research in Education. [29] Goffman, E. (1981), Forms of talk, Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. [30] Halliday, M.A.K., Hasan, R. (1976), Cohesion in English, London: Longman. [31] Hatch, E. (1992), Discourse and Language Education, Cambridge University Press. [32] Le Thi Hoang Van (2008), An Investigation into Linguistic Features of Antithesis in Political Speeches in English and Vietnamese, MA Thesis, The University of Danang. [33] Nunan, D. (1993), Introducing Discourse Analysis, Penguin Group. [34] Nguyen Uy Dung (2010), An Investigation into Stylistic Devices in Political Speeches by US Presidents, MA Thesis, The University of Danang. [35] Nguyen Thi Hanh (2012) , An investigation into the structure of Theme Rheme in English and Vietnamese political speeches, MA Thesis, The University of Danang. [36] Pham Khac Thu (2010), An Investigation into Modality Markers Used in Political Speeches by US Presidents, MA Thesis, The University of Danang. [37] Widdowson, H.G. (1978), Teaching English as Communication, Oxford. [38] Widdowson, H.G. (1994), Linguistics, Oxford University Press. [39] Wright, L. Hope Jonathan (1996), Stylistics-A Practical Course Book, Routledge. [40] Yule, G. (1996), Pragmatics, Oxford University Press. [41] Yule, G. (1997), The study of language, Cambridge University Press. [42] Yule, G. (2006), Oxford practice Grammar Advanced with Answers, Oxford: Oxford University Press. Websites [43] https://www.iiss.org/en/events/shangri-s-la-s-dialogue/speeches [44] https://www.iiss.org/en/events/shangri%20la%20dialogue/archive/sld12-43d9 [45]https://www.iiss.org/en/events/shangri%20la%20dialogue/archive/shangri-la dialogue-2013-c890 [46]http://www.iiss.org/en/events/shangri%20la%20dialogue/archive/shangri-la-dialogue-2011-4eac [47]https://www.iiss.org/en/events/shangri%20la%20dialogue/archive/shangri-la-dialogue-2010-0a26 [48]https://www.iiss.org/en/events/shangri%20la%20dialogue/archive/shangri-la-dialogue-2009-99ea [49]https://www.iiss.org/en/events/shangri%20la%20dialogue/archive/shangri-la-dialogue-2008-2906 [50]http://www.iiss.org/en/events/shangri%20la%20dialogue/archive/shangri-la diaogue-2007-d1ee [51]https://www.iiss.org/en/events/shangri%20la%20dialogue/archive/shangri-la dialogue-2006-f1a5

Sunday, January 19, 2020

In What Major Respects Had Europe Changed By 1971 From The Situation I

From the 1815 until the 1871, Europe underwent a great change. As the revolution of the 1830s showed, the Vienna Settlement did not last, even though the great European powers were able for a while to take the situation under control with brutal repression. However, it was impossible to stop the liberal revolution, which led to important political events and deep social changes. In the political field there are three major events: the rise of Napoleon III, the unification of Germany and the Italian Risorgimento. In the field of social changes there are the extraordinary doubling of the population, the new technologies, which made possible the development of communication and transportation, and the important consequences of the industrial revolution.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Louis Napoleon Bonaparte came to power the 2nd of December 1852. With him, the Second Empire started. Years before, he was expelled to America, but with the fall of the July Monarchy in February 1848, he returned to France to reassert his claim to being Napoleon Bonaparte’s legitimate heir, and to take advantage of the new opportunities that suddenly presented themselves. To obtain what he wanted, Bonaparte used the army and police to arrest his principal political opponents and to occupy the Assembly. After this he announced his assumption of power and proclaimed a new constitution, to be subjected to an immediate plebiscite, where Napoleon obtained a huge majority, and became president of France. But one year later, in another plebiscite, Napoleon received popular ratification of his assumption of the title of Emperor, as Napoleon III. Many observers saw this â€Å"meteoric rise†, as the beginning of a new era of absolutism. However, the public opi nion never considered Napoleon as a tyrant, as electoral statistics show. They trusted him, who did not disappointed their expectations. Napoleon’s agenda concerned the reorganization of the State, a new economical policy and a great program of public works. During Napoleon’s government, France underwent a deep change. After a long period of disorder, society found its stability, both on the political and economical side. In fact, Napoleon helped to foster an economic boom, which provided ample employment for the urban poor as well as for the young people, ambitious and well prepared. He mobilized all the resources of the State to give a ne... ...ansportation, thanks to the invention of the locomotive, became easier. The railroads became the backbone of Europe’s inland transportation system. The construction of railway provided a new and powerful stimulus to the industries. In fact, the demand for iron and coal increased and so the work of many industries. Overseas as overland, people and goods moved faster and farther.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In communication as in transport, a lot of inventions brought many European close to each others. The postal service was more efficient and faster thanks to the railroad. Than, in 1844, the electric telegraph was invented, and due in part to its importance for the railroads, a network of telegraph lines spread all over Europe. In 1851 the first submarine cable was installed between Dover and Calais, in 1866 between Europe and USA, in 1870 and 1872 many cables were installed from Europe to India, and from Europe to Honk Kong.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Also press improved a lot, and the production of paper became cheaper. This meant that newspapers could be produced cheaply and in great number. This allowed all the inhabitants to be aware on what was happening around them.

Saturday, January 11, 2020

Tourism has a great impact on environments, communities and economies

According to publicity, the holiday complex at Carlyon Bay will be â€Å"a dazzling jewel, likely to become one of Europe's most glamorous seaside destinations†. The proposed site at Carlyon Bay, Cornwall, near Fowey would bring new jobs, businesses and more people to the area, leading to the multiplier effect, yet would destroy a fragile environment and beautiful scenery. The planned site would consist of 500 holiday homes, hotels, shops, bars and restaurants to the already popular holiday destination. Local council people are concerned the development will put too much pressure on local roads, amenities and would prove a severe loss of a well-liked mile long beach. Peter Browning, spokesman for the Carlyon Bay Watch, opposing the development said, † The development is just wholly inappropriate for the area. Not only will it damage the environment it will double the size of the community and put huge stress on the infrastructure. One person's dream house is another person's nightmare.† The planning permission for the 511 homes was granted in the late 1980s and the Ampersand Group bought the site, which stretches from the top of the cliffs high watermark, last year. Ampersand claim the project will be â€Å"ecologically imaginative† and have a â€Å"flowing design†, it is also said to â€Å"blend in†. Cornwall wildlife trust wants an environmental impact assessment to be carried out as the site has rare plants – heath milkwort, bell heather and eye bright yet Anderson argues it bought the planning permission before this was necessary. Although Ampersand claim the project would be beneficial to the area, creating 600 jobs, the area is already high in employment and the planned development could discourage some people from visiting as it would ruin the serenity of the area. One local resident was reported to say â€Å"these types of development have more in common with third world countries where there are secure enclaves for the rich, with little or no benefit for the local population- there will come a time when we will only be able to walk along the coastal footpath and look down on the beach from afar†. Carlyon Bay is also a 1995 Seaside Award Winner, winning points for its cleanliness on land and sea, and for its excellent facilities, coupled together with safe bathing, water sports, and trouble-free leisure, it is already a popular and amply developed site in many eyes. Clive Kessel vice chairman of the Restormel regeneration partnership said the development could bring money into an area that has suffered economic hardship. He denied that the development would harm the environment and dismissed concerns about access, he conceded that it would have an impact on local infrastructures but said work would be done to improve local roads and people would be encouraged to use public transport to get there. Other developments of tourism in the UK have been successful. In Bournemouth for example, where the tourism development have been very successful. Bournemouth's economy has been built upon tourism and with nearly two million staying visitors and over four and a half million day visitors every year, Bournemouth is a top international resort and the tourist industry is vital to the towns economy. In 1995 tourism generated à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½479 million of expenditure directly and also indirectly therefore supporting 16400 jobs. Direct tourism spent in Bournemouth accounts for 11% of that for the entire southern region. Tourism has also had a multiplier effect in Bournemouth bringing in retail, leisure and entertainment industries. Although this type of industry is appealing to Carlyon Bay, it is unrealistic. Carlyon Bay is not the same size as Bournemouth and does not have the same accessibility. It also has a very seasonal tourist industry. Although many people in Cornwall are against the development, Malcolm Bell, Executive chair of the local tourist board, southwest tourism, said it would create jobs and hopefully bring in tourists all year although he didn't want to see similar developments springing up on other Cornish beaches. The council are pushing for the development to go through as they have already sold 150 of the houses planned to be built, it is financially and in the long term economically a positive thing for the council. In conclusion, Carlyon Bay has been successful and popular up to this day, if the area has managed to sustain itself until now, we must ask whether this development is really necessary. The stretch of coastline planned to be developed is extremely beautiful and a popular site with walkers, holidaymakers, families and local residents. The development of this area may discourage these people from returning. I feel the development would not be a good idea as environmentalists and residents agree, the area has a fragile ecosystem and attracts many tourists anyway, the development would attract different people and the site could easily become â€Å"trashy and unpopular†. On the other hand the development of Carlyon Bay would bring in more jobs and the multiplier effect would bring a better economy and trade for smaller businesses, yet they have managed so far and the development would have other consequences too. Roads, amenities and other services would become very busy, good for the businesses yet this would lead to worse quality of service for the local residents as more cafes and other amenities place their emphasis on the tourists. Carlyon Bay won the 1995 Seaside Award and so is obviously already a gorgeous area, would the development of houses, entertainment facilities and restaurants really improve it? I think not.